The Efficacy of Transverse Abdominis Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Randomized Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Postoperative pain is an inevitable acute pain for which a multimodal analgesic approach is required. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the efficacy of transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block as a postoperative analgesic for patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomies versus intravenous opioid analgesics. METHOD: Sixty female patients were enrolled and randomized into two groups following a computer-generated sequence of numbers. In group T (n=30) patients received an ultrasound-guided bilateral TAP block with 20 of 0.375% levobupivacaine on each side immediately after surgery. Patients in group O (opioid group, n = 30) received intravenous (i.v.) tramadol (100mg) immediately after surgery. Rescue analgesic (inj. tramadol 50mg) i.v. bolus given in both groups if visual analog scale (VAS) >4. In the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), the vital signs, episodes of nausea, vomiting, and VAS score of each patient were recorded every two hours for the first 24 hours. RESULT: Total consumption of rescue analgesic (inj. tramadol 50 mg i.v.) during the first 24 hours was significantly higher in group O (186.47+37.48mg) than in group T (107.28+26.34mg). No significant difference was observed in intraoperative vital parameters (HR, NIBP, SPO2). The VAS scores were significantly low in group T. Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) was significantly higher in group O (13 out of 28 patients) than in group T (five out of 28 patients) with P value =0.043. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated bilateral ultrasound-guided TAP block is a good alternative to opioids for postoperative analgesia.

Morphine-Induced Fever: A Case Series.

The most common cause of postoperative fever is infection. Other causes include cancer, iatrogenic causes, venous thromboembolism, secondary to prosthetic implants, and pyrexia of unknown origin. Here, we describe five cases of opioid-induced pyrexia. In all cases, an injection of morphine was given for postoperative analgesia and all those patients developed fever. All the possible causes of fever were excluded and then opioid was substituted with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Fever subsided in all the cases. Cessation of the offending drug led to the resolution of the fever in all five cases, and the patient required subsequent supportive care. However, adjunctive pharmacotherapy may also be needed in some patients.

Use of Paravertebral Block as an Alternative to General Anesthesia for Breast Surgeries: A Randomized Control Study.

BACKGROUND: General anaesthesia (GA) is the conventional technique used for surgical treatment of breast lumps. However, various side effects and complications of GA, such as postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting, and increased hospital stay increase morbidity in patients. Regional anaesthesia using multiple injection paravertebral block is an ideal alternative to GA for breast surgeries. METHODS: Sixty female patients posted for unilateral breast surgery were randomly divided into two groups, Group P for paravertebral block and group G for GA, and compared on the basis of time taken for induction of anaesthesia, postoperative pain relief on basis of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and duration of hospital stay. RESULTS: Duration of surgery in group P was 64.75±18.07 and 67.32±17.64 in group G respectively (P>0.05). Time for inducing anaesthesia was significantly longer in group P (17.15±3.92min) compared to group G (5.90±1.75min) with P<0.05. Significant difference (P<0.001) was observed in the mean duration of postoperative analgesia of group P (298.34±67.02min) and group G (107.68±27.28min). The VAS scores in immediate postoperative period and after two and four hours in the postoperative period were significantly higher in group G (P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly higher in group G (13 out of 30 patients) than group P (four out of 28 patients) with P<0.05. CONCLUSION: The efficacy and safety of paravertebral block for operative treatment of breast tumors, excellent analgesia in early postoperative period, requirement of significantly lesser amount of postoperative analgesics, decreased incidence of PONV and negligible complications along with early ambulation and hospital discharge makes it an afferent cost-effective block of choice for unilateral breast surgeries.

Postnatal outcome of congenital anomalies in low resource setting.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the postnatal outcome of congenital malformations in a tertiary care hospital of India. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective study of all women with prenatally detected major congenital malformations. Postnatal follow-up of live born babies was carried out for 1 year. RESULTS: There were 574 cases with major congenital anomalies, 523 of which were fully followed. Only 69 women (13.6%) had the initial scan before 20 weeks of gestation. Craniospinal defects were the most common (42.7%), followed by genitourinary anomalies (28%). There was no live birth in cases such as anencephaly, iniencephaly, bilateral renal agenesis, gastroschisis, and cystic hygroma. Survival at 1 year was less than 25% in spina bifida, bilateral cystic kidneys, complex cardiac disease, and non-immune hydrops fetalis. In cases with mild hydrocephalus or unilateral and mild renal disease, the survival was over 75%. CONCLUSION: In India, the majority of congenital anomalies present late in gestation. Although fetal outcome is invariably poor for severe defects, existing legislation in the country leaves pregnancy continuation as the only option.